大猩猩的攻击性：重新审视和平与暴力的二分法

Aggression in the genus Pan (including bonobos and chimpanzees) remains a central puzzle in primatology and anthropology. Traditionally framed as a dichotomy between “peaceful bonobos” and “violent chimpanzees,” recent findings challenge this view by documenting coalitionary aggression, maternal cannibalism, and lethal intergroup encounters in bonobos, alongside evidence that captive chimpanzees and bonobos exhibit comparable aggression levels. These observations highlight the importance of ecological context, demographic composition, and behavioral plasticity in shaping aggression. We propose