自信、学习承诺对小学生学习独立性的影响：内在动机的中介作用

Confidence, motivation, and learning independence are key psychological factors in elementary students' academic success. However, limited research has examined these constructs simultaneously within a comprehensive structural model, particularly in the Indonesian elementary education context. This study examines the effects of self-confidence and learning commitment on learning independence, with intrinsic motivation as a mediating variable among elementary school students in Cirebon, Indonesia. This study analyzes the relationship between self-confidence, learning commitment, intrinsic motiv