纵向多层次与结构方程模型在定量传播研究中的应用

This chapter provides a practical introduction to two statistical frameworks for analyzing longitudinal data in quantitative communication research: multilevel modeling (MLM) and structural equation modeling (SEM). Focusing on intraindividual change and intraindividual variability, we illustrate how these methods can disentangle within-person processes from between-person differences. Using real-world data, the chapter demonstrates how to model daily patterns in social interaction desires and test dynamic relationships between social app use and interpersonal needs. Key considerations for choo